With a dirty air filter, your PCM compensates for less fuel. However, you get less power.
To compensate, you drive harder with higher RPMs Herc mentioned. This brings in more air/fuel that it would with a clean filter. This causes dirty air filter = less mpg.
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GenV GTP engine, 12" Brakes, CAI, 3" DP, HighFlo Cat, 180 T-Stat, Aeroforce Gauge, Front STB, Stinger Fiberglass hood, Reflective Graphics.